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- BUSINESS, Page 66The Harvard Debt Doctor's Controversial Cure
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- By John Greenwald/With reporting by Elizabeth Love/La Paz
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- To Jeffrey Sachs, the glaring gap between rich and poor in
- Latin America is a major cause of the debt crisis that has
- racked the region. The boyish Harvard economist, an adviser to
- debt-ridden countries from Bolivia to Poland, blames wealthy
- Latin elites for dodging taxes and arranging self-serving
- subsidies that have "sucked the blood" from many governments,
- forcing them to borrow heavily.
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- That blunt diagnosis is typical of Sachs, 34, an economics
- wunderkind who was a tenured professor at 29 and has become a
- champion of debt relief for developing countries. He first
- gained renown for his advice to Bolivia, which slashed its
- inflation rate from more than 20,000% in 1985 to 15% today. When
- Sachs visited Argentina last June, talk-show hosts rushed to
- schedule interviews. In a single hectic week last month, Sachs
- was in Peru and Brazil and then jetted to Warsaw, where he
- advises the new government.
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- Sachs' message is simple: debtors must reform their
- economies by methods that include collecting more taxes from the
- elite, while U.S. banks must forgive at least half their $59
- billion of loans to Latin borrowers. "I don't believe we should
- move in small steps," says the economist.
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- Such advice has often placed Sachs in a cross fire between
- U.S. bankers, who oppose large-scale debt forgiveness, and
- populist foreign critics, who resent his calls for fiscal
- austerity. Walter Wriston, the former chairman of Citicorp,
- whose Citibank unit has more than $8 billion in outstanding
- Latin American loans, calls Sachs "a paid flack for the
- countries of Latin America." Wriston argues that widespread loan
- write-offs would prevent Latin countries from receiving new
- credit. At the same time, Julio Bravo, finance secretary of the
- Bolivian Worker's Central Union, charges that as a result of
- Sachs' advice, "salaries have decreased, the firing of workers
- has increased, and policies respond to the interests of the
- business sector."
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- Sachs, whose work in Latin America is underwritten by the
- United Nations, responds that "if one person can be attacked
- from so many directions, there hasn't been enough contact
- between sides" in the debt crisis. "Much of my work," he notes,
- "is just sitting quietly in a back room analyzing data with
- members of the government." Sachs did that on a 1986 trip to
- Bolivia, when he arrived to find that the Planning Minister had
- resigned and the government was ready to drop its anti-inflation
- program. But after examining the latest figures, Sachs argued
- that the program was sound and persuaded leaders to stick with
- it.
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- In the same vein, Sachs believes that the Latin debt crisis
- will eventually ease. He considers a plan that Treasury
- Secretary Nicholas Brady unveiled last spring, which calls for
- limited debt reduction, a modest but encouraging step. "There
- has been a lot of progress," Sachs says. "The thinking is much
- more realistic."
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